BMW X5: Integrated Suspension Systems

 Engine Adaptation Values

Engine adaptation values can be broken down into two categories: Additive Mixture Adaptation - additive adaptation refers to "long term fuel trim". These adaptation are made by the ECM (DME) at idle during "closed loop" fuel control. These values are measured in milliseconds and are expresse

 Instructions For Handling Refrigerant R 134A

WARNING: Although R 134a at normal temperature is non-toxic, non-flammable and not explosive in air in any mixture ratio, it is still essential to follow various safety precautions. The filled refrigerant circuit of the A/C system is subject to gauge pressure. When carrying out repairs on the A/C