IMPORTANT: Read and comply with notes on protection against
electrostatic damage (ESD
protection)
Necessary preliminary tasks:
Disconnect battery negative lead.
Remove front left wheel arch cover
IMPORTANT: Read and comply with notes on protection against
electrostatic damage (ESD protection).
Necessary preliminary tasks:
Remove flap in luggage compartment panel on right.
Lift back insulat
NOTE: Initialization is necessary:
After replacing windshield
When installing a used rain/light sensor
NOTE:
Connect BMW diagnosis system
Initialize rain/light sensor.
REPLACING OPTICAL ELEME
The movement of the nozzle needle in the injector is generated no longer by a
solenoid coil but rather by a
piezo-element.
A piezo-element is an electromechanical converter, i.e. it consists of a ceramic
material which converts electrical energy directly into mechanical energy
(force/travel).
Engine adaptation values can be broken down into two categories:
Additive Mixture Adaptation - additive adaptation refers to "long term
fuel trim". These adaptation are
made by the ECM (DME) at idle during "closed loop" fuel control. These
values are measured in
milliseconds and are expresse