The Antilock Braking System (ABS) prevents
locking of the wheels during braking.
The vehicle maintains its steerability even during
emergency braking, which increases the active
driving safety.
ABS
Principle
Dynamic Traction Control (DTC) is a version of
the Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) where drive
power is optimized.
The system ensures maximum drive power on
unusual road conditions, for ins
Principle
xDrive is the all-wheel-drive system of the vehicle.
Concerted action by the xDrive and and
other suspension control systems, such as Dynamic Stability Control (DSC),
further optimizes
tra
NOTES ON CHECKING IGNITION SYSTEM
Troubleshooting
Fault in fuel injection system
Spark plug faults
Ignition coil faults
Further fault patterns with evaluation
Additional fault notes for troubleshooting
Oscillograms
Normal oscillogram
Oscillograms of ignition coils from different manufactur
Read contents of Body, General.
Spot-weld bonding is used on this vehicle. Observe specific procedure.
Remove or cover those vehicle components in the repair area which are
susceptible to heat or dust.
Use only approved spot-welding apparatus for repairs!
Place vehicle on straightening bench.
F